| Alcohol | Solvent/Preservative | ⚠️ Yes — Alcohol | Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) used as a solvent, preservative, or extraction agent. Present in many liquid formulations. May be relevant for patients avoiding alcohol for medical or religious reasons. |
| Almond Oil | Emollient/Vehicle | ⚠️ Yes — Tree Nut | A tree nut oil used as an emollient in topical products. Concern for tree nut-allergic patients. |
| Hydrogenated Castor Oil | Stiffening Agent/Emollient | ⚠️ Yes — Castor Oil | Castor oil treated with hydrogen to make it solid at room temperature. Used to thicken creams and ointments. |
| Medium-chain Triglycerides | Solvent/Vehicle | ⚠️ Yes — Coconut | Fatty acid esters derived from coconut or palm kernel oil. Used as a solvent and vehicle in oral and topical formulations. May be relevant for individuals with coconut sensitivity. |
| Propylene Glycol | Solvent/Humectant | ⚠️ Yes — Propylene Glycol | An organic compound used as a solvent and humectant. Can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| Sodium Benzoate | Preservative | ⚠️ Yes — Sodium Benzoate | A food preservative. Can cause urticaria and exacerbate asthma in sensitive individuals. |
| Yellow Wax | Stiffening Agent | ⚠️ Yes — Insect | Unbleached beeswax. Used to thicken and stabilize ointments and creams. Animal-derived (from bees) — relevant for vegan patients. |
| Acrylic Acid-2-ethylhexyl Acrylate-2-hydroxyethyl Acrylate-vinyl Acetate Copolymer (for Duro-tak 87-2070)? | Adhesive | No | A pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer used in transdermal patches to hold the patch to the skin. |
| Calcium Carbonate? | Filler/Antacid | No | Chalk. Used as a filler, coating whitener, and antacid. Also provides a source of calcium. |
| Citrus Sinensis Flower Oil | — | No | — |
| Dimethicone 100 | — | No | — |
| Dimethiconol/trimethylsiloxysilicate Crosspolymer (40/60 W/w; 1000000 Pa.s)? | Skin Conditioner | No | A silicone elastomer blend used in topical formulations to provide a smooth, silky feel and improve product spreadability. |
| Ferric Oxide Red | Colorant | No | Red iron oxide pigment used in tablet coatings and capsule shells. A mineral-based colorant, distinct from FD&C synthetic dyes. |
| Ferric Oxide Yellow | Colorant | No | Yellow iron oxide pigment used in tablet coatings and capsule shells. A mineral-based colorant. |
| Gluconolactone | — | No | — |
| Glycerin | Humectant/Solvent | No | A sugar alcohol that attracts moisture. Used as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener in many oral and topical medications. Generally well tolerated. |
| Glyceryl Monocaprylate | Penetration Enhancer/Emulsifier | No | A glyceride ester used to enhance skin penetration and as an emulsifier in topical formulations. |
| Glyceryl Ricinoleate | Emulsifier/Emollient | No | A glyceride ester of ricinoleic acid (from castor oil) used as an emulsifier and skin-conditioning agent. |
| Hamamelis Virginiana Top Water | Skin Conditioner | No | Witch hazel distillate, a plant-derived astringent used in topical formulations to soothe and tone the skin. |
| Hyaluronate Sodium | Moisturizer/Viscosity Agent | No | Sodium hyaluronic acid. A naturally occurring substance used as a moisturizer and viscosity agent in ophthalmic and topical formulations. |
| Isopropyl Myristate | Emollient/Penetration Enhancer | No | A synthetic ester used as an emollient and to enhance penetration of active ingredients through the skin. |
| Isopropyl Palmitate | Emollient/Solvent | No | A synthetic ester used as an emollient and to enhance skin penetration of active ingredients. |
| Isostearic Acid | Emollient/Emulsifier | No | A branched-chain fatty acid used as an emollient and co-emulsifier in topical formulations. |
| Magnesium Sulfate | Osmotic Agent | No | Epsom salt. Used as an osmotic agent, drying agent, and in injectable formulations for electrolyte supplementation. |
| Microcrystalline Wax? | Stiffening Agent | No | A petroleum-derived wax used to adjust consistency in ointments and as a coating agent. |
| Octyldodecanol? | Emollient/Solvent | No | A branched-chain fatty alcohol used as an emollient, solvent, and viscosity adjuster in topical formulations. |
| Orange Oil, Cold Pressed | — | No | — |
| Sodium Chloride | Tonicity Agent | No | Common table salt. Used to adjust the osmotic pressure of injectable and ophthalmic solutions to match body fluids. |
| Soybean Lecithin | Emulsifier | No | A phospholipid mixture extracted from soybeans, used as an emulsifier and wetting agent. Derived from soy — must be avoided by individuals with soy allergy. |
| Titanium Dioxide | Colorant/Opacifier | No | A white pigment used for coating opacity. Under regulatory review in some countries. |
| Tocopherol | Antioxidant | No | Natural vitamin E. Used as an antioxidant to protect active ingredients from oxidation and extend product shelf life. |