| .alpha.-tocopherol Acetate | Antioxidant | No | Vitamin E acetate. Used as an antioxidant to protect active ingredients from degradation during storage. |
| Acacia? | Emulsifier/Binder | No | Gum arabic. A natural gum from the acacia tree used as an emulsifier, binder, and suspending agent in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| Acetic Acid | pH Adjuster/Solvent | No | The acid in vinegar. Used to adjust pH and as a solvent in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| Allantoin | Skin Protectant | No | A compound that promotes wound healing and cell regeneration. Used as a skin protectant and soothing agent in topical formulations. |
| Ascorbic Acid | Antioxidant | No | Vitamin C. Used as an antioxidant to prevent degradation of active ingredients and as a pH adjuster. |
| Butylene Glycol | Humectant/Solvent | No | A synthetic glycol used as a humectant and solvent in topical formulations. Helps products spread smoothly on skin. |
| Citric Acid Monohydrate | pH Adjuster/Buffer | No | Citric acid in its hydrated form. Used to adjust acidity and as a buffering agent. Derived from citrus fruits or fermentation. |
| Disodium Citrate Sesquihydrate? | Buffer | No | A sodium salt of citric acid used as a buffering agent to maintain pH stability in pharmaceutical solutions. |
| Gluconic Acid | Chelating Agent/pH Adjuster | No | An organic acid used as a chelating agent and pH adjuster in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| Glycerin | Humectant/Solvent | No | A sugar alcohol that attracts moisture. Used as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener in many oral and topical medications. Generally well tolerated. |
| Glyceryl Monocaprylate | Penetration Enhancer/Emulsifier | No | A glyceride ester used to enhance skin penetration and as an emulsifier in topical formulations. |
| Hamamelis Virginiana Top Water | Skin Conditioner | No | Witch hazel distillate, a plant-derived astringent used in topical formulations to soothe and tone the skin. |
| Hyaluronate Sodium | Moisturizer/Viscosity Agent | No | Sodium hyaluronic acid. A naturally occurring substance used as a moisturizer and viscosity agent in ophthalmic and topical formulations. |
| Lactic Acid | pH Adjuster/Exfoliant | No | An alpha-hydroxy acid used to adjust pH and as a mild exfoliant in topical formulations. Produced by fermentation. |
| Phenoxyethanol | Preservative | No | A synthetic preservative used to prevent microbial growth in topical and some oral formulations. Can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Potassium Sorbate | Preservative | No | A potassium salt of sorbic acid used to inhibit mold and yeast growth in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| Raspberry Juice | — | No | — |
| Safflower Oil | Emollient/Vehicle | No | A plant-derived oil used as an emollient and vehicle in topical and oral formulations. |
| Sodium C10-18 Alkanesulfonates? | Surfactant | No | An anionic surfactant used as an emulsifier and cleansing agent in topical formulations. |
| Sodium Hydroxide | pH Adjuster | No | A strong alkali used to adjust the pH of pharmaceutical solutions. Present only in trace amounts in the final product. |
| Steareth-20 | — | No | — |