| Alcohol | Solvent/Preservative | ⚠️ Yes — Alcohol | Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) used as a solvent, preservative, or extraction agent. Present in many liquid formulations. May be relevant for patients avoiding alcohol for medical or religious reasons. |
| Copovidone K25-31 | Binder/Film Former | ⚠️ Yes — Povidone | A copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate used as a binder and film-forming agent in tablets. |
| Peg/ppg-18/18 Dimethicone? | Emulsifier/Skin Conditioner | ?Uncertain — PEG | A silicone-based emulsifier combining PEG and polypropylene glycol with dimethicone. Used in topical formulations for smooth application. |
| Propylene Glycol? | Solvent/Humectant | ?Uncertain — Propylene Glycol | An organic compound used as a solvent and humectant. Can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| Sodium Benzoate | Preservative | ⚠️ Yes — Sodium Benzoate | A food preservative. Can cause urticaria and exacerbate asthma in sensitive individuals. |
| .alpha.-tocopherol Acetate | Antioxidant | No | Vitamin E acetate. Used as an antioxidant to protect active ingredients from degradation during storage. |
| Acacia | Emulsifier/Binder | No | Gum arabic. A natural gum from the acacia tree used as an emulsifier, binder, and suspending agent in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| Butylated Hydroxytoluene | Antioxidant | No | BHT. A synthetic antioxidant used to prevent oxidative degradation of fats and oils in pharmaceutical products. Rare contact sensitivity reported. |
| Butylene Glycol | Humectant/Solvent | No | A synthetic glycol used as a humectant and solvent in topical formulations. Helps products spread smoothly on skin. |
| Citric Acid Monohydrate | pH Adjuster/Buffer | No | Citric acid in its hydrated form. Used to adjust acidity and as a buffering agent. Derived from citrus fruits or fermentation. |
| Cyclomethicone 5 | Emollient/Carrier | No | A volatile silicone that evaporates quickly, leaving a smooth feel. Used as a carrier and emollient in topical products. |
| Edetate Disodium | Chelating Agent | No | Also known as EDTA. Binds metal ions to prevent degradation of active ingredients and preserve product stability. |
| Ferric Oxide Red | Colorant | No | Red iron oxide pigment used in tablet coatings and capsule shells. A mineral-based colorant, distinct from FD&C synthetic dyes. |
| Glycerin | Humectant/Solvent | No | A sugar alcohol that attracts moisture. Used as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener in many oral and topical medications. Generally well tolerated. |
| Hamamelis Virginiana Top Water | Skin Conditioner | No | Witch hazel distillate, a plant-derived astringent used in topical formulations to soothe and tone the skin. |
| Methacrylic Acid - Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer (1:1) | Enteric Coating | No | An acrylic polymer (Eudragit L100) used for enteric coating that dissolves in the intestine rather than the stomach. |
| Octyldodecanol | Emollient/Solvent | No | A branched-chain fatty alcohol used as an emollient, solvent, and viscosity adjuster in topical formulations. |
| Phenoxyethanol | Preservative | No | A synthetic preservative used to prevent microbial growth in topical and some oral formulations. Can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Potassium Sorbate | Preservative | No | A potassium salt of sorbic acid used to inhibit mold and yeast growth in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| Propylene Carbonate | Solvent | No | An organic solvent used in transdermal patches and topical formulations to dissolve active ingredients. |
| Sodium Chloride | Tonicity Agent | No | Common table salt. Used to adjust the osmotic pressure of injectable and ophthalmic solutions to match body fluids. |
| Sodium Tallowate, Beef? | — | No | — |
| Stearalkonium Chloride? | Conditioning Agent | No | A quaternary ammonium compound used as a conditioning and antistatic agent in topical formulations. |
| Titanium Dioxide | Colorant/Opacifier | No | A white pigment used for coating opacity. Under regulatory review in some countries. |
| Xanthan Gum | Thickener/Stabilizer | No | A polysaccharide produced by bacterial fermentation, used to thicken and stabilize liquid and semi-solid formulations. Derived from corn sugar fermentation — may be relevant for corn-sensitive individuals. |