| Cetostearyl Alcohol | Emulsifier/Stiffening Agent | ⚠️ Yes — Stearyl Alcohol | A mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols (fatty alcohols, not drinking alcohol). Used to thicken and stabilize creams and ointments. Can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| Medium-chain Triglycerides | Solvent/Vehicle | ⚠️ Yes — Coconut | Fatty acid esters derived from coconut or palm kernel oil. Used as a solvent and vehicle in oral and topical formulations. May be relevant for individuals with coconut sensitivity. |
| PEG-100 Monostearate | Emulsifier | ⚠️ Yes — PEG | A PEG-based emulsifier used to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions in creams and lotions. Contains a polyethylene glycol component. |
| Propylene Glycol? | Solvent/Humectant | ?Uncertain — Propylene Glycol | An organic compound used as a solvent and humectant. Can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| Betadex Sulfobutyl Ether Sodium? | Solubilizer | No | A modified cyclodextrin (Captisol) used to solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs in injectable formulations. |
| Cetyl Palmitate | — | No | — |
| Coconut Acid? | — | No | — |
| Cocoyl Caprylocaprate | Emollient/Solvent | No | A coconut-derived ester used as an emollient and oily vehicle in topical formulations. |
| Dimethyl Sulfoxide | Penetration Enhancer/Solvent | No | DMSO. A powerful solvent that enhances skin penetration of active ingredients. Also used as a cryoprotectant. |
| Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate? | Emollient | No | A synthetic ester used as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent in topical formulations. |
| Glycerin | Humectant/Solvent | No | A sugar alcohol that attracts moisture. Used as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener in many oral and topical medications. Generally well tolerated. |
| Glyceryl Monostearate | Emulsifier | No | An emulsifier that helps oil and water mix in creams and ointments. Derived from glycerin and stearic acid. |
| Glyceryl Oleate? | Emulsifier/Emollient | No | A glyceride ester used as an emulsifier, emollient, and skin-conditioning agent in topical formulations. |
| Hamamelis Virginiana Top Water | Skin Conditioner | No | Witch hazel distillate, a plant-derived astringent used in topical formulations to soothe and tone the skin. |
| Hexylene Glycol | Solvent/Humectant | No | A synthetic glycol used as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity reducer in topical formulations. |
| Menthol | Flavoring/Counterirritant | No | A compound derived from peppermint oil that produces a cooling sensation. Used as a flavoring agent and topical counterirritant. |
| Methyl Laurate | Emollient/Solvent | No | A fatty acid ester used as an emollient and solvent in topical formulations. |
| Peppermint Oil | Flavoring Agent | No | A natural essential oil used as a flavoring and cooling agent. Contains menthol. May cause sensitivity in individuals with mint allergy. |
| Phenoxyethanol | Preservative | No | A synthetic preservative used to prevent microbial growth in topical and some oral formulations. Can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Sorbitan Monopalmitate | — | No | — |
| Sorbitan Tristearate? | Emulsifier | No | A non-ionic surfactant (Span 65) used to stabilize water-in-oil emulsions in topical formulations. |
| Stearic Acid | Lubricant | No | A fatty acid used as a lubricant in tablet manufacturing. |
| Tocopherol | Antioxidant | No | Natural vitamin E. Used as an antioxidant to protect active ingredients from oxidation and extend product shelf life. |
| Xanthan Gum | Thickener/Stabilizer | No | A polysaccharide produced by bacterial fermentation, used to thicken and stabilize liquid and semi-solid formulations. Derived from corn sugar fermentation — may be relevant for corn-sensitive individuals. |