| Alcohol | Solvent/Preservative | ⚠️ Yes — Alcohol | Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) used as a solvent, preservative, or extraction agent. Present in many liquid formulations. May be relevant for patients avoiding alcohol for medical or religious reasons. |
| Cetostearyl Alcohol | Emulsifier/Stiffening Agent | ⚠️ Yes — Stearyl Alcohol | A mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols (fatty alcohols, not drinking alcohol). Used to thicken and stabilize creams and ointments. Can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| .alpha.-tocopherol Acetate, Dl- | Antioxidant | No | Synthetic vitamin E acetate (racemic form). Used as an antioxidant to protect active ingredients from degradation. |
| Anhydrous Citric Acid | pH Adjuster/Buffer | No | Water-free citric acid used to adjust pH and enhance drug stability. Typically derived from fermentation of corn sugar. |
| Aspartic Acid | — | No | — |
| Candelilla Wax | Coating/Stiffening Agent | No | A plant-derived wax from the candelilla shrub. Used as a coating agent and to thicken formulations. Vegan alternative to beeswax. |
| Docosanol | Antiviral/Emollient | No | A fatty alcohol used as the active ingredient in cold sore treatments and as an emollient in topical formulations. |
| Ethyl Acetate? | — | No | — |
| Glycerin | Humectant/Solvent | No | A sugar alcohol that attracts moisture. Used as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener in many oral and topical medications. Generally well tolerated. |
| Glyceryl Isostearate | Emulsifier | No | A glycerin ester used as an emulsifier and skin-conditioning agent in topical formulations. |
| Glyceryl Mono- And Dicaprylocaprate | Emulsifier/Penetration Enhancer | No | Mixed glyceride esters used as emulsifiers and to enhance drug absorption through the skin. |
| Glyceryl Monostearate | Emulsifier | No | An emulsifier that helps oil and water mix in creams and ointments. Derived from glycerin and stearic acid. |
| Glyceryl Stearate Se? | Emulsifier | No | Self-emulsifying glyceryl stearate. A lipid-based emulsifier used to stabilize creams and lotions. |
| Hamamelis Virginiana Top Water? | Skin Conditioner | No | Witch hazel distillate, a plant-derived astringent used in topical formulations to soothe and tone the skin. |
| Hydrogenated Palm Oil? | — | No | — |
| Hypromellose | Coating | No | A semisynthetic polymer used for tablet coating. Derived from cellulose. |
| Malic Acid, L- | — | No | — |
| Methionine? | — | No | — |
| Mineral Oil? | Emollient/Vehicle | No | A purified petroleum-derived oil used as an emollient and vehicle in topical formulations and as a lubricant in oral laxatives. |
| Potassium Metaphosphate | Buffer/Stabilizer | No | A potassium phosphate salt used as a buffering agent and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| Sodium Hydroxide | pH Adjuster | No | A strong alkali used to adjust the pH of pharmaceutical solutions. Present only in trace amounts in the final product. |
| Sodium Lactate | — | No | — |
| Sodium Stearyl Fumarate? | Lubricant | No | A tablet lubricant used as an alternative to magnesium stearate. Vegetable-derived. |
| Soybean Lecithin | Emulsifier | No | A phospholipid mixture extracted from soybeans, used as an emulsifier and wetting agent. Derived from soy — must be avoided by individuals with soy allergy. |
| Tocopherol | Antioxidant | No | Natural vitamin E. Used as an antioxidant to protect active ingredients from oxidation and extend product shelf life. |